slides/empowering-django-with-background-workers
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---
title: Empowering Django with Background Workers
class: text-center
highlighter: shiki
transition: slide-left
mdc: true
monaco: false
themeConfig:
primary: '#0c4b33'
addons:
- "slidev-addon-qrcode"
---
# Empowering Django with Background Workers
### Jake Howard{.mt-10}
<ul class="list-none! text-sm [&>li]:m-0!">
<li>Senior Systems Engineer @ Torchbox <mdi-fire class="fill-white"/></li>
<li>Security & Performance @ Wagtail <logos-wagtail class="fill-white"/></li>
</ul>
<ul class="list-none! text-xs [&>li]:m-0! mt-5">
<li><mdi-earth /> theorangeone.net</li>
<li><mdi-twitter /> @RealOrangeOne</li>
<li><mdi-github /> @RealOrangeOne</li>
<li><mdi-mastodon /> @jake@theorangeone.net</li>
</ul>
<div class="absolute right-0 bottom-4">
<QRCode
:width="110"
:height="110"
data="https://0rng.one/dceu24"
:dotsOptions="{ color: 'white' }"
/>
</div>
---
layout: center
---
# Django isn't _just_ for websites
```mermaid
flowchart LR
U(User 🧑‍💻)
D[\Django/]
U---->|Request|D
D---->|Response|U
```
<style>
.mermaid {
margin-top: 2rem;
text-align: center;
transform: scale(1.5);
}
</style>
---
layout: full
---
```mermaid
flowchart BT
U[User 🧑‍💻]
D[\Django/]
DB[(Database)]
C[(Cache)]
E>Email]
EA[External API]
V[[Video Transcode]]
ML((Machine Learning))
U---->|Request|D
D---->|Response|U
D-.-DB & E & EA & V & ML & C
```
---
layout: full
---
```mermaid
flowchart BT
U[User 🧑‍💻]
D[\Django/]
DB[(Database)]
C[(Cache)]
E>Email]
EA[External API]
V[[Video Transcode]]
ML((Machine Learning))
B{{Background Processing}}
U--->|Request|D
D--->|Response|U
D---B
D-.-C & DB
B---E & V & ML & EA
B---C & DB
```
---
layout: cover
---
# Background Workers?
---
layout: fact
---
```mermaid
flowchart LR
D[\Django/]
S[(Queue Store)]
R1{Runner}
R2{Runner}
R3{Runner}
D<--->S<-..->R1 & R2 & R3
```
---
layout: cover
---
# When?
---
layout: fact
---
```mermaid
flowchart BT
D[\Django/]
subgraph Fast & Reliable
DB[(Database)]
C[(Cache)]
end
subgraph Slow / Unreliable
E>Email]
EA[External API]
V[[Video Transcode]]
ML((Machine Learning))
end
D---DB & C
D-.-E & EA & V & ML
```
---
layout: cover
---
# Background Workers _in Django_
---
layout: cover
background: https://docs.celeryq.dev/en/stable/_static/celery_512.png
---
# Celery!
<style>
.slidev-layout {
background: white;
}
</style>
---
layout: image-right
image: https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1444703686981-a3abbc4d4fe3?q=80&w=1740&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D
---
# Others...
<Transform :scale="1.05">
- ~~Celery~~
- arq
- Django DB Queue
- Django Lightweight Queue
- Django Too Simple Q
- Django-Q
- Django-Q2
- Dramatiq
- Huey
- RQ
- Taskiq
- ...
</Transform>
---
layout: cover
background: https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1522096823084-2d1aa8411c13?q=80&w=1740&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D
---
# Email <mdi-email-fast-outline />
---
layout: none
---
```python {all|18|19|10|11-16|all|18-19|all}
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
import django_rq
from wagtail.models import Page
def send_email_to_user(page: Page, user: User):
email_content = render_to_string("notification-email.html", {"user": user, "page": page})
send_mail(
subject="A page has been published",
message=email_content
from_email=None, # Use the default sender email
recipient_list=[user.email]
)
for user in page.subscribers.iterator():
django_rq.enqueue(send_email_to_user, user)
```
<style>
.slidev-page, .slidev-code-wrapper, .slidev-code {
height: 100%;
}
</style>
---
layout: center
---
# A problem
````md magic-move
```python
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
import django_rq
from wagtail.models import Page
def send_email_to_user(page: Page, user: User):
email_content = render_to_string("notification-email.html", {"user": user, "page": page})
send_mail(
subject="A page has been published",
message=email_content
from_email=None, # Use the default sender email
recipient_list=[user.email]
)
for user in page.subscribers.iterator():
django_rq.enqueue(send_email_to_user, user)
```
```python {all|7-9,20|all}
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from wagtail.models import Page
from my_celery_config import app
@app.task
def send_email_to_user(page: Page, user: User):
email_content = render_to_string("notification-email.html", {"user": user, "page": page})
send_mail(
subject="A page has been published",
message=email_content
from_email=None, # Use the default sender email
recipient_list=[user.email]
)
for user in page.subscribers.iterator():
send_email_to_user.delay(user)
```
````
---
layout: fact
---
# Situation:
## There are _14_ competing standards.
<style>
.slidev-layout {
background: white;
color: black;
}
</style>
---
layout: image
image: /ridiculous.png
class: bg-top!
---
# Ridiculous!
---
layout: fact
---
## Introducing*:{.mb-5}
# `django.tasks`*
<div class="absolute right-1/2 translate-x-1/2 mt-6">
<QRCode
:width="120"
:height="120"
data="https://pypi.org/project/django-tasks/"
:dotsOptions="{ color: 'white' }"
/>
</div>
---
layout: image-right
image: https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1674027444485-cec3da58eef4?q=80&w=1932&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D
class: flex items-center text-xl
---
- API contract between library and application developers
- Swappable backends through `settings.py`
- Built in backends:
- ORM
- "Immediate"
- "Dummy"
- Django 5.2 🤞
- Backport for 4.2+
---
layout: center
---
````md magic-move
```python
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from wagtail.models import Page
from my_celery_config import app
@app.task
def send_email_to_user(page: Page, user: User):
email_content = render_to_string("notification-email.html", {"user": user, "page": page})
send_mail(
subject="A page has been published",
message=email_content
from_email=None, # Use the default sender email
recipient_list=[user.email]
)
for user in page.subscribers.iterator():
send_email_to_user.delay(user)
```
```python {all|7-9,20|all}
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from wagtail.models import Page
from django.tasks import task
@task()
def send_email_to_user(page: Page, user: User):
email_content = render_to_string("notification-email.html", {"user": user, "page": page})
send_mail(
subject="A page has been published",
message=email_content
from_email=None, # Use the default sender email
recipient_list=[user.email]
)
for user in page.subscribers.iterator():
send_email_to_user.enqueue(user)
```
````
---
layout: center
---
```python
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.template.loader import render_to_string
email_content = render_to_string("email-template.html", {"page": page})
for user in page.subscribers.iterator():
send_mail(
subject="The page has changed",
message=email_content
from_email=None, # Use the default sender email
recipient_list=[user.email]
)
```
<v-click>
```python
# settings.py
EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.tasks.SMTPEmailBackend"
```
</v-click>
---
layout: image-right
image: /soon.png
class: flex justify-center text-2xl flex-col
---
# Q: Why something new?
<v-click>
### A: It doesn't have to be
</v-click>
---
layout: image-right
image: https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1525683879097-8babce1c602a?q=80&w=1335&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D
class: flex justify-center text-2xl flex-col
---
# Q: Why something built-in?
- Improve interoperability
- Reduce cognitive load
- Reduce barrier to entry
---
layout: center
transition: fade
---
![](/postgres.png){.max-h-48.mx-auto}
## vs
![](https://docs.celeryq.dev/en/stable/_static/celery_512.png){.max-h-32.mx-auto}
<style>
.slidev-layout {
background: white;
color: black;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
---
layout: center
---
![](/postgres.png){.max-h-48.mx-auto}
## vs
![](/elasticsearch.png){.max-h-32.mx-auto}
<style>
.slidev-layout {
background: white;
color: black;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
---
layout: section
---
# Where are we now?
<v-click>
## `pip install django-tasks`
</v-click>
---
layout: section
---
# Where will we be soon™?
---
layout: cover
background: https://docs.celeryq.dev/en/stable/_static/celery_512.png
---
# Is this the end?
<style>
.slidev-layout {
background: white;
}
</style>
---
layout: image-right
image: https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1451187580459-43490279c0fa?q=80&w=1744&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D
class: flex justify-center flex-col text-xl
---
# Out of scope
- Completion / failed hooks
- Bulk queueing
- Automated task retrying
- Task runner API
- Unified observability
- Cron-based scheduling
- Task timeouts
- Swappable argument serialization
---
layout: cover
background: https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1519187903022-c0055ec4036a?q=80&w=1335&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D
---
# The future is bright
---
layout: section
---
# What's next?
---
layout: end
---
QUESTIONS?
<div class="absolute right-1/2 bottom-4 translate-x-1/2">
<QRCode
:width="110"
:height="110"
data="https://0rng.one/dceu24"
:dotsOptions="{ color: 'white' }"
/>
</div>
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